Most people land on this question in one of a few ways. Maybe a grill just is not cutting it anymore and you want the low and slow, fall off the bone result you have only had at a real barbecue joint. Maybe you just moved somewhere with an actual backyard for the first time and you are starting from zero. Or maybe you are renting an apartment or a townhouse under an HOA, you already know an open flame is off the table, and you are trying to figure out what is actually allowed before you spend any money.
The type of smoker that is right for you depends less on which one makes the “best” barbecue and more on your specific situation, your space, your patience level, and in some cases your lease. Here is the short version before we get into the details.
- Renting, HOA rules, or fire codes ban charcoal and open flame: an electric smoker is usually your only compliant option. See the renters and small spaces section below.
- First smoker, want to learn the craft, do not mind babysitting a fire: a charcoal smoker like a Weber Smokey Mountain.
- Want real wood flavor without standing over it all day: a pellet smoker.
- Tight budget and you already own a kettle grill: convert it with the snake method described below before buying anything new.
- Cold climate, want a smoker, grill, and pizza oven in one: a kamado.
- Camping, tailgating, or a small patio with no room for a full-size unit: a portable pellet grill or a compact electric smoker.
There are gas smokers, electric smokers, pellet smokers, ceramic smokers, offset smokers, vertical-bullet smokers, and more. Meat smokers that use gas or electricity take less work than charcoal smokers, which are more labor-intensive. Load the meat smoker with wood chips or pellets to make smoke, and the heat stays steady as long as it is connected to electricity or gas.
Meat smokers that use charcoal as a heat source, such as ceramic, offset, or bullet smokers, take more effort to keep a consistent temperature and smoke level. Cooking with charcoal produces a more natural result, but it asks more of you in return.
Below is a detailed explanation of how each type works, who it fits, and which one we would point you toward for your specific situation.
What is a smoker?
A smoker, often known as a BBQ smoker, is an outdoor cooking apparatus that can keep temperatures low for long periods while generating smoke and holding it around the meat for absorption.
Box smokers, offset smokers, kamado grills, and pellet grills are among the many types of smokers available, and they can be fueled by gas, charcoal, electricity, or wood pellets.
What makes a smoker different?
The ability to cook low and slow over a flavorful heat source isn’t the only difference between a gas grill, charcoal grill, and smoker.
Here’s a simple breakdown of their differences:
- Gas grill: Low to high heat, no smoke flavor, easy to maintain.
- Charcoal grill: Low to medium heat, heavy smoke flavor, and temperature control varies significantly depending on the model.
- Smoker: Low to medium heat, heavy smoke flavor, and temperature control varies significantly depending on the model.
Gas grills do not produce the same rich tastes as smoke or charcoal grills. The smoking part offers a new flavor profile, especially since you can choose what type of wood you want to smoke.
Oakwood, cherry wood, and mesquite wood produce three distinct flavors, none of which can be found on a charcoal grill.
The 7 most common types of smoker
Gas smokers
How do they work?
Gas smokers or propane smokers, like electric smokers, do not naturally emit smoke. Hence wood chips are added to provide the smokey flavor.
To modify the flame, these have ignition and a heat control knob. They are easy to operate, and the temperature is controlled in the same way that a standard gas BBQ or oven is.
They also have a temperature sensor on the front so you can monitor the inside temperature of your smoker. While gas smokers are typically narrow, they contain many racks at varying heights, making them ideal for cooking smaller portions of meat or hanging sausages.
A wood chip basin rests on top of the gas burner at the bottom of the smoker. The heat from the burner heats the chips or pellets in the bowl, causing them to smolder and smoke.
A water pan sits above the wood chip basin and serves two purposes. The addition of water to the water pan aids in regulating the temperature of the meat smoker.
It also collects all of the drips from the cooking meat and prevents fat from dropping on top of the gas burner.
The advantage of a gas smoker is that if you’re satisfied with the quantity of smoke in your meat after an hour or two of smoking, you may choose not to top up the wood chips or pellets at any time and use the smoker to continue cooking rather than smoking.
Pros
- Set and forget
- Gas smokers are just as easy to use as electric smokers, and propane is a widely available fuel.
- The temperature of a gas smoker is easy to control, and changing the heat is much easier than with a charcoal or pellet burner.
- A gas grill can be started considerably faster than a charcoal grill. If you are pressed for time, you can go from cold to cooking in about 15 minutes.
Cons
- Lacks real experience
- Is limited to larger portions of meat
- While gas produces more combustion chemicals and hence more flavor than an electric grill, some people say that it makes everything taste like bacon
- To be cautious, you’ll probably need two gas bottles, just in case a half-filled one runs out of gas. If your tank is going low, you should check it every 30 minutes or risk coming out to find your smoker has died.
Who should buy one?
Gas smokers are ideal for pitmasters who want a little more flavor-enhancing combustion chemicals than an electric smoker but without the mess of charcoal smokers or the cost of a pellet smoker.
A gas smoker would also suit someone seeking something they could take camping or cookouts because their gas bottle fuel source is relatively portable, and the smokers tend to be quite light.
Our number one pick for the best gas/propane smoker
Charcoal smokers
How do they work?
When wood is superheated to temperatures above 1,000°F, most non-carbon organic constituents are burned off, and the resulting ‘char’ burns cleanly and produces little smoke.
This char is then shaped into small briquettes known as charcoal.
The heat is provided by charcoal, and the chemicals produced, such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxide, enhance the meal’s flavor.
Additional smoke is produced by using wood chips, which are often placed above the smoldering charcoal.
The quantity of heat produced is controlled by air intakes located near the coals. The more air that enters the firebox, the hotter the charcoal burns.
Most charcoal smokers hang the food above the coals, using a chimney and air dampers at the top to draw heat and smoke across the food.
Controlling the passage of air and smoke is essential when smoking with charcoal. If there is too much air, the meal will be dry and tough; the smoke and ash will make the food bitter without enough air.
Charcoal smokers come in various forms and sizes, ranging from the sturdy Weber Smokey Mountain to the eye-catching ceramic kamado ovens such as the Kamado Joe.
Charcoal is a close second to wood pellets in terms of the fuel that adds the most flavor. The cost of this added flavor is that charcoal smokers are more labor-intensive than electric or gas smokers, necessitating more set-up, babysitting, and cleaning.
Pros
- Charcoal smokers are regarded as the gold standard when it comes to achieving that deep smokey flavor.
- They come in various sizes and styles, making finding one that fits your available space easier.
- Charcoal actively adds to the taste of the food you’re cooking, and the nitrogen oxide it emits is essential for achieving an authentic smoke ring.
Cons
- Compared to electric or gas grills, charcoal grills require a lot more babysitting as well as a little more practice and know-how. If you want to light the charcoal and let it ash before adding it to the smoker, you’ll have more luck with an electric smoker.
- It may take some time to start smoking because you’ll need to light the charcoal and let it ash before putting it in the smoker.
- Because of the ash and particle matter produced by charcoal, there is a lot more cleaning up to do once you’ve finished smoking.
Who should buy one?
If you’re serious about smoking food, a charcoal smoker is the way to go.
Their designs can be as simple or complex as you desire (you can construct one out of an old oil drum), and while it may take some time and work to achieve consistent results, it is well worth it.
Our number one pick for the best charcoal smoker
Offset smokers
Offset smokers were originally made from discarded oil drums, and their barrel-like shape reflects this.
Owning one of these atrocities is on most pitmasters’ bucket lists. They’re big, hefty, and have enough room to fill an entire city block with expertly smoked food.
How do they work?
The term “offset smoker” refers to the firebox being offset to the side and under the main cooking chamber. When wood or charcoal is burned in the firebox, smoke and heat are pulled across the food in the cooking chamber and exit a chimney.
The chimney of a typical offset smoker is located opposite the firebox.
Some offset smokers have a reverse flow system, which uses baffles to force smoke and heat to travel under and over the food.
Reverse flow offset smokers are easy to identify since the chimney is situated above, rather than the opposite, the firebox.
Pros
- The offset smoker’s large barrel cooking chamber makes it easy to cook large amounts of food.
- Some models include a grill plate that can be attached above the firebox, making it a two-in-one griller and smoker.
- Because the firebox is completely separate from the cooking chamber, you can add more fuel to the fire without letting out the heat and smoke.
Cons
- Cheap offset smokers are not worth the money. Poor building means poor heat retention, leaks, and dry food. It may cost a bit more, but top-quality offset smokers are always worth the extra money in the long run.
- Starting up an offset smoker is a time-consuming process. Expect it to take an hour to get it up to temperature and ready to cook.
- It’s also not a ‘set it and forget it’ method like an electric smoker. Getting the most out of an offset smoker requires a lot of practice to learn how to use it properly, but once you do, you can expect to cook some excellent cuisine.
Who should buy one?
Offset smokers are a terrific purchase for someone willing to put in the time and effort to get the most out of a fantastic yet difficult-to-use smoker.
Offset smoking is an art and a science, but if you have the patience, it can yield great food. Just make sure you have enough space in your yard before purchasing one. They are not insignificant!
Our number one pick for best offset smoker
Pellet smokers
Pellet smokers are a rather high-tech hybrid of an oven and a smoker. They combine the additional smokey flavor of real combustion with the convenience of an electronic smoker.
One of the many advantages of a pellet smoker is that it can be used as a grill, oven, and smoker, making it an all-in-one cooking solution.
How do they work?
Pellet smokers make use of compressed sawdust that resembles chicken feed.
An auger drill feeds these pellets into a firebox from a hopper on the side of the smoker. A heated metal rod inside the firebox causes the pellets to combust, producing heat and smoke in the cooking chamber above.
Pellet smokers use built-in thermometers to maintain a consistent temperature by adjusting the airflow and amount of pellets put into the firebox.
Pros
- Pellet smokers combine the taste improvement of real wood smoke with a cooking technique that you can set and forget.
- They are flexible, working as a smoker, grill, and oven all in one.
- The wood pellets burn down to almost nothing, so there isn’t much maintenance other than emptying the firebox, which is typically detachable.
Cons
- They are not cheap!
- The heating rod that ignites the pellets, the fans, and the drill all run on electricity, so you’ll need a socket nearby
- Wood pellets aren’t nearly as easy to get as charcoal or gas, so you’ll need a stockpile just in case
Who should buy a pellet smoker?
If you enjoy smoking but want a high-tech solution that allows you to burn wood without the supervision of a charcoal smoker, the pellet grill is an excellent choice.
It’s also attractive and versatile. If you have space for cooking equipment, then it should be one that can cook, smoke, and grill.
Our number one pick for the best pellet smoker
Electric smokers
How do they work?
Electric smokers generate heat using a heating element rather than a combustible fuel. Because there is no actual combustion, the smoke is produced by wood chips hung above the heating element.
The heating element is often located at the bottom of most electric smokers, with the wood and water pans sandwiched between it and the food racks.
Electric meat smokers will have an on/off button and adjustable temperature control, allowing you to control the amount of heat generated by the electric element. They have adjustable racks, similar to gas smokers.
The height makes them ideal for hanging sausages, but the width and depth may be limited. Again, you could struggle to fit a huge brisket, but you’d be able to fit a lot of chicken, fish, ribs, pork belly, and smaller briskets.
A wood chip bowl rests on top of the electric element at the bottom of the smoker, and as the wood chips or wood pellets heat up from the electric element, they begin to smoke.
Like gas meat smokers, they have a water bowl that collects all of the drips from the meat and protects the electric element. The water bowl also aids with temperature regulation and allows you to add apple juice, wine, and other flavors to your smoke.
Pros
- Set and forget
- Electric smokers are easy to use, making them a great first smoker for someone who has never used one before.
- You don’t need an additional fuel source, such as gas, pellets, or charcoal, which reduces your costs and the amount of stuff you must store when your smoker isn’t in use.
- Good quality electric smokers can be relied on to maintain a consistent temperature and don’t run out of fuel. This eliminates the need to babysit them, allowing you to focus on other duties while periodically returning to replenish the water bowl.
Cons
- Lacks real experience
- Is limited to larger portions of meat
- Is more expensive to run
- The flavor produced by an electric smoker differs from that of other smokers due to a lack of actual combustion and the low smolder temperature of the wood chips used to produce the smoke.
- The absence of combustion gasses means your meat will not form a smoke ring, which is attributed to the presence of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide.
Who should buy an electric smoker?
Electric smokers are ideal for persons who do not have access to wood, gas, or charcoal burners. They also suit folks who would rather place food in a smoker, set a timer, and walk away, confident that their food will not spoil because they aren’t continuously checking on it.
Our number one pick for the best electric smoker
Kamado grills
When we say Kamado grills are old school, they’ve been around for about 3000 years. Most people won’t recognize the name Kamado right away, but they will remember the omnipresent Big Green Egg!
While the Kamado Joe and Big Green Egg is the most well-known brand of Kamado grill, it is far from the only one available. There are numerous great brands to choose from, and they make excellent smokes.
How do kamado grills work?
The Kamado grill’s unusual egg form is more than a fashion statement. The shape and thickness of the ceramic walls, based on traditional clay ovens, aid in heat and moisture retention.
The food is put on a grill grate above the fire, which provides heat at the bottom of the cooking chamber. Vents at the top and bottom of the grill regulate the amount of heat produced.
In general, if you’re smoking on a Kamado grill, you’ll be using wood chips and a water dish. Some types include a heat-reflecting deflector plate that sits immediately above the fire and reflects some heat.
The grill’s design causes smoke and heat to rise above the food and be directed back onto it.
Pros
- Because there is less airflow inside a Kamado, there is less chance of your food drying out, so you can expect your meat to stay moist and juicy
- Kamados are very multi-purpose and, in addition to working as a smoker, can also grill, bake, and even double as a pizza oven
- If you live in a colder climate where smokers and standard grills struggle with heat retention in the winter months, the thick walls of the Kamado grill are
Cons
- As wonderful as they are, Kamado grills are not inexpensive. Expect to pay roughly $1000 for a high-end model.
- Because they only have two vents, temperature adjustment might be difficult.
- Because the fire is underneath the food, adding extra fuel and collecting ash can be difficult.
Who should buy a kamado grill?
It takes some time to learn how to operate Kamado grills properly, but once you do, they are a great and versatile cooking system. This is the grill for you if you want to bake the bread for your sandwich while also smoking the meat.
If you live somewhere cold and struggle with heat retention, a Kamado grill can help you to address that problem because of its superb insulation.
Our number one pick for the best kamado smoker
Kettle grills
While a kettle grill is not strictly a smoker, it is one of the most commonly owned pieces of live-fire cooking equipment and can easily be used to smoke modest amounts of food. These are inexpensive and widely available, making them one of our favorite types of grill smoker combos.
If you happen to have one of these lying around in your garage right now, it can be an easy method to start smoking food.
How do kettle grills work?
A kettle grill can be converted into a smoker by rearranging the charcoal, adding wood chips, and a water pan.
The Snake method is one of several innovative methods for smoking on a kettle grill.
Unlit coals are arranged in a “C” shape, two briquettes deep and two high (precise arrangement varies).
Then you light a few hot briquettes and set them at the start of the Snake.
The burning coals will gradually fire the unlit ones, keeping the temperature low and longer burn time.
To create smoke, wood chunks are placed on top of lighted coals, and a water pan is laid on the grill grate above them. The additional water serves to reflect heat and add moisture to the inside of the grill.
The smoked food is then placed on the opposite side of the banked coals, and the grill cover is set so that the air vent on the lid is above the meal.
The air is then drawn up through the grill’s base vent, over the coals, wood chips, and water pan. This produces smoke and moisture, which runs over the food as it exits the lid vent, seasoning it while the indirect heat of the coals cooks it.
Pros
- You don’t need to buy a smoker if you have a kettle grill on hand.
- Wood chips and a water pan are quite easy to come by, and you don’t need to make any structural alterations to your kettle grill to use it as a smoker.
Cons
- Because it isn’t designed to be used as a smoker, it can be difficult to control the airflow correctly, and thus the quantity of smoke and heat in a kettle grill, making it tough to achieve consistent results.
- You’re still using charcoal, so there will always be some cleanup to do.
Who should buy a kettle grill?
The nicest part about using a kettle grill as a smoker is that you almost certainly already own one!
Kettle grills make excellent jery-rigged charcoal smokers and would be ideal for someone who mostly likes to grill but also wants the option to smoke food occasionally.
Our number one pick for the best kettle smoker
What if you rent, live under an HOA, or only have a small patio
This is the situation a lot of the buying guides online skip, and it is exactly the situation a lot of people asking this question are actually in. If you rent an apartment or condo, live under an HOA with grilling restrictions, or your building’s fire code bans anything with an open flame or a propane tank on a balcony, most of the smokers described above are not legal for you to use where you live, no matter how good they are.
Read your lease or HOA covenant before you buy anything. Most restrictions target open flame and combustible fuel specifically, which is why electric smokers are usually the one category still allowed on a balcony or patio even in buildings that ban charcoal grills, gas grills, and propane tanks outright. There is no flame, no tank, and no ash to manage. That said, “usually allowed” is not “always allowed,” so confirm the rule in writing with your property manager or HOA board rather than assuming.
The compact models in our small electric smoker roundup are built for exactly this footprint. Several sit under 30 inches tall and can go against a railing without crowding a small patio. If your building does not allow any cooking appliance on the balcony at all, which some high-rises enforce strictly, our indoor smoker roundup covers stovetop and countertop options built to smoke food inside a kitchen with no outdoor space involved.
Two other renter-specific edge cases worth planning around. If your unit only has one shared exterior outlet, check the amp draw of the model you are considering. Most digital electric smokers pull under 15 amps, but running one on the same circuit as a neighbor’s window air conditioner can trip a breaker. And if you expect to move within a year or two, prioritize a smaller, lighter model over a large-capacity one. A 30 inch electric smoker fits in a moving truck a lot more easily than a full-size offset does.
Things to keep in mind before buying a smoker
What is your budget?
The type of smoker you should buy will be determined by the quantity of money you have available.
If you have a budget of less than $500, you should probably avoid an offset smoker because everything in that price range will be crudely manufactured and difficult to work with.
You’ll also be locked in the price range for pellet grills, where quality isn’t always great.
Between $200 and $500, there are many excellent alternatives in the charcoal, propane, and electric families.
Finally, if you have more than $1,000, you can look at the best brands of offset smokers like Yoder, a quality Kamado like the Kamado Joe, or a huge high-tech pellet smoker.
Type of fuel
Your budget limits your selections, but you must still choose which fuel source or type of smoker to use. We go through this at great length above and in our buying guides.
As a general rule, we recommend a charcoal smoker to anyone interested in learning the art of barbecue, a pellet smoker to anyone who wants great food and is willing to spend some money, and a propane smoker to anyone who doesn’t have much money but wants the set-and-forget convenience of a pellet smoker.
We suggest deferring the offset until your second or third smoker, and a kamado is a wonderful alternative if you have a reasonable budget and want a grill and smoker combo. If your lease, HOA, or building code takes charcoal and open flame off the table entirely, skip to the renters and small spaces section below before you buy anything.
How many people will you be cooking for?
All types of smokers come in a variety of sizes. However, some, like electric/propane, tend to be huge.
You can usually compare the cooking area size in square inches, and many manufacturers will provide helpful recommendations on how many birds or burgers you can accommodate.
Keep in mind that just because a smoker has a specific number of square inches doesn’t imply you can put everything you want to cook in it.
Many folks were dissatisfied when they discovered that their “large” electric smoker couldn’t fit a full packer brisket or rack of ribs without trimming it.
Do you need it to be portable?
Smokers aren’t the most portable of devices. Several manufacturers do make good devices for camping or tailgating.
These are almost always small enough to fit easily in your trunk, so you will have to make room for this feature.
Charcoal and pellet grills are two terrific portable options. If tailgating or campsite cooking is the main use case, look at a dedicated tabletop model rather than a scaled-down version of a full-size unit. Our portable pellet grill roundup breaks down weight, hopper capacity, and power options, including 12-volt models that run off a vehicle battery, for exactly this situation.
Temperature & airflow
It’s nearly impossible to achieve a fantastic BBQ if you can’t easily control the temperature. This is especially true for smokers, so you should take the time to learn about the temperature-control features of the model you eventually buy.
Charcoal and kamado smokers use just dampers (or vents) to control airflow into the cooking chamber, which affects the fire and internal temperature.
Even gas and electric smokers may have a damper mechanism for more precise temperature control.
So, what does this have to do with you?
Check that the dampers are conveniently accessible, easy to operate, and built of rust-resistant materials (a rusted damper will be stuck in place, as will your airflow and temperature).
FAQs
How does a smoker work?
As a result, the wood chips smolder rather than burn, filling the cooking space with smoke.
This indirect heat cooks your food and imparts a delightful smoky taste, but the process takes much longer than a standard grill. Smoking meat typically takes 6 to 8 hours, but it can take up to 22 hours for huge portions of meat like brisket.
Is it necessary to clean my smoker after each use?
After each usage, clean out the ashes, grease, and food buildup, and you may need to re-season the smoker to retain its protective covering.
Can I use a smoker on an apartment balcony or patio?
What is the best smoker for a total beginner on a tight budget?
Last update on 2026-09-14 / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API
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